A small, varying force applied to the valve-a back-and-forth wiggle-causes matched variations in the greater force carried by the water passing through the pipe a small signal thus generates another that varies identically in time but is larger in amplitude. Transistor amplification can be compared to controlling a powerful flow of water through a pipe by turning a valve: in this analogy, the force applied to the valve represents the transistor's control voltage, while the water flowing through the pipe represents its output current. This increase in amplitude or strength is called amplification, one of the most basic processes in electronics.
This current can in turn be converted into a voltage by passing it through a resistor (a passive or unpowered circuit device that simply dissipates energy) the change in voltage across this "load" resistor can be many times greater than the change in voltage that was used to alter the resistance of the transistor itself. The resulting change in resistance between the other two terminals of the transistor-through one of which current enters the transistor, leaving through the other-changes the current passed through the transistor. A transistor can perform a variety of useful electrical tasks because its resistance (the ease with which an electrical current flows through it) can be adjusted using a low-power control signal applied to one of a transistor's three metallic terminals.
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